论左翼文学创作中的“革命农民”形象——以茅盾的“农村三部曲”为核心

On the Revolutionary Peasant Figure in the Left-wing Literature Creation—— By The Trilogy of the Villages of Mao Dun

"农村三部曲"是茅盾农村题材文学创作的代表作,也是其运用左翼文学的"新现实主义创作方法"研究和剖析20世纪30年代社会重大问题的成功范例,其中的多多头、老通宝等农民形象的塑造成为中国现代文学史上的经典人物。作为20世纪30年代"革命农民"形象的代表,多多头这一形象所体现的不安于现状的叛逆性和对社会不公的反抗性,成为革命农民进步、觉醒的标志。在"阿Q时代"之后,多多头的"革命意识"和"革命方式"在新的意义上揭示了20世纪30年代农村社会和革命农民的"生活的实质"。茅盾没有拔高多多头们的觉悟水平,也没有赋予他们鲜明的政党思想影响,而是有意无意地将多多头的革命原因做了简约模糊的处理。作者在多多头身上看到了阿Q式的流氓无产者的影子。正因为如此,与那些把农民"浪漫蒂克化"的左翼小说相比较,多多头这一形象更能代表左翼文学中农民革命者的历史原形,"农村三部曲"也显示了其在左翼文学创作中的独特存在价值。

The Trilogy of the Villagesare the representative works of the creation in the theme of peasants by Mao Dun. It was the successful case that Mao Dun analyzed the serious social issues by the Creation method of new realism of left-wing literature in 1930＇s. A Duo and Old Tong Bao are some classic characters in Modern Chinese literature history. As one of the revo- lutionary peasant figure delegates in 1930＇s, A Duo exhibited the rebellion to the realistic society which marked the beginning of his advances and awakening of revolution. It rediscovered the true nature of the life of the peasants and the rural area in 1930 ＇s that A Duo showed the revolution consciousness and way after the Ah Q times. Mao Dun didn＇t elevate Duo Duo Tous＇ political consciousness or give them the sharp impression of the party thought. The author obfuscated the revolution reason of Duo Duo Tou and found the soul of the hooligan proletarian like Ah Q in the image of Duo Duo Tou. So the image of Duo Duo Tou delegated the nature of the revolutionary peasant more than ones who were romanticized in those left-wing novels by other writers.Trilogy of the Villages have the special values in the left-wing literature.