城镇化过程中的城镇位错效应

Town Dislocation Effect in Chinese Urbanization

理解并有效评估我国的城镇化建设对推进我国长期可持续发展至关重要。然而,人们对城镇化的评估结果却似乎与其所采用的评估方法(客观指标或主观指标)有关。通过对以往研究的综述,该研究发现,尽管评估地区的客观指标(如,文盲率)随着城镇化程度的升高而阶梯状改善,但是民众的主观指标却并没有随着中国城镇化水平的提高而上升。城市居民和农村居民在住地依恋的得分上大致相当,而原本预期得分介于两者之间的城镇居民则在住地依恋的得分上最低,该研究称这一"V形"现象为"城镇位错效应"。进一步的文献综述与调查分析显示,民众的住地依恋主要受到人口统计学指标、人际关系与物理环境的影响。建议在城镇化的评估中,结合使用客观指标与主观指标。

Understanding urbanization and evaluating its effects are vital in formulating Chinese sustainable development. The results obtained from evaluating the effects of urbanization, however, depend on the type of measurement used（adopting subjective and objective indices）. Through a review of previous studies, the present study found that the objective index improved monotonically along with urbanization in China, whereas the subjective index, place attachment, did not improve along with the urbanization level in China. The assessment scores from the city dwellers did not differ significantly from those in the country areas and, more surprisingly, both were significantly higher than the assessment scores of the town dwellers, which were expected to fall between the assessment scores of the country and city dwellers. The present study dubbed this V-shaped relationship the ＂town dislocation effect＂. Further literature reviews and data analysis showed that place attachment is affected mainly by demographic variables, social support, and physical environment. Therefore, people should focus on both objective and subjective indices in the assessment of urbanization in China.