16-17世纪法国女性摄政与君主制的发展

The Female Regents in the 16th-17th Centuries and the Development of the French Monarchy

法国政治文化中具有强大的排斥女性的传统,但同时法国历史上又有大量女性摄政的现象存在,尤其是在近代早期的16-17世纪,虽然亦有反对之声,然而主流社会却对此大力支持。若从当时的文本材料出发,探究这一看似矛盾的现象背后的成因会发现,事实上,在性别话语的表象之下,关于国家主权与国王人身之间的关联及其行使权的分配才是女性摄政问题的核心。这也是法国君主制发展至此阶段的两大特征所决定:"家国一体"的概念在政治文化中依然具有重大影响;与此同时,王权日趋强大与成熟。

There was a strong tradition of exclusion of women in French political culture, but there were also a lot of female regents in French history, especially in its early modem history. The mainstream society sup- ported strongly the female regent though some people opposed it. This article aims to explore the causes of the seemingly contradictory phenomenon. In fact, below the appearance of gender discourse, the core prob- lem of female regent is the relationship between the personality of the king and the national sovereignty, and the distribution of the exercise of king＇s power. The key issue is closely related to the characteristics of the monarchy at this stage： ＂Family/Etat＂ concept in political culture still has a significant impact, at the same time, the kingship has become increasingly strong and mature.