受顺序影响的证真偏向:来自四卡问题新范式的证据

Order-effected Verification Bias:Evidence from new wason′s selection task paradigm

通过对经典四卡问题呈现方式的改进,逐一呈现与命题对应的检验证据,要求被试判断每一证据在命题检验中的作用。结果表明:(1)"证真偏向"依然存在,但从正确率来看,顺证真与顺证伪没有显著差异;(2)发现了显著的顺序效应,与逆向检验相比,顺向检验有更高的正确率与更短的反应时;(3)被试加工与命题"无关联"刺激时存在明显困难,其正确率显著较低。这些结果说明个体在判断不同证据对命题检验的作用时会受到命题内在方向性的影响,个体可能会采用一些固有推理图式以及简单的匹配策略解决问题。

To examine different cognitive processing characteristics during hypothesis testing, we presented a modified Wason＇s selection task by recording reaction time and accuracy. The results showed that this research confirmed the ＇verification bias＇ , which was found only in backward conditions. Second, subjects had better performance in forward testing conditions than backward testing conditions. Finally, ＂proposition relevance＂ influenced subjects＇ reasoning remarkably. These findings suggested that two factors were jointly responsible for a large part of these reasoning outcomes above： the inherent directionality and matching strategy.