浙江省老年人中医就诊行为的影响因素分析

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Traditional Chinese Medical(TCM) Treatment-Seeking Behavior of the Elders in Zhejiang Province

目的:本文旨在了解浙江省老年人中医药服务的使用情况,并从教育程度、经济状况、健康状态、对中医的态度、健康知信行等角度分析老年人中医就诊行为的影响因素。方法:采用横断面研究方法,分层抽样设计,对浙江省辖区内55岁以上的老年人进行问卷调查。调查内容包括:1基本信息:性别、年龄、文化程度、养老模式、医疗保障情况、自评价经济水平;2健康状态:自评价健康水平、现患疾病情况;3对中医的态度:"您是否愿意接受中医健康服务?";4健康知信行:自制KAB问卷,包括健康知识、健康态度、健康行为3个维度。结果:针对老年人发放问卷950份,回收有效问卷945份。其中男性484例,女性461例。平均年龄为72.0±8.9岁。教育程度总体偏低,以初中及以下为主(88.3%)。仅50.11%老年人在过去1年内有中医就诊行为。总体而言,年龄、性别、文化程度、养老模式、健康行为对中医就诊行为无明显影响,1年内有中医就诊行为的老年人具有对中医接受度相对较高、经济水平相对较好、健康水平较差、患病率较高、健康知识及态度较好等特征。结论:中医服务在浙江省老年人群中的利用率不高,原因可能在于老年人对中医的接受度不够,缺乏市场竞争力等。因此,应加大中医药服务宣传力度,拓宽中医药服务项目,以满足老年人群的健康需求,提高中医药服务使用率,使其在老龄化社会中发挥重要作用。

This study aimed at investigating the utilization of TCM services and exploring the influencing factors, such as education, economic condition, health condition, attitude to TCM treatment and TCM health literacy, of TCM treatment-seeking behavior in the elders in Zhejiang Province. In this study, a cross-sectional study with stratified sampling was adopted for the further investigation of the elders over 55 years by questionnaire. The questionnaire contained four aspects： 1. demographic information： gender, age, education, pension mode, medicare and self-evaluation of economic level; 2. health status： self-evaluation of health and current diseases; 3. attitude to TCM treatment： ＂Would you accept the TCM health services？＂ 4. health literacy： self-made KAB questionnaire including health knowledge, attitude and behavior. Nine hundred and fifty questionnaires were issued and 945 valid questionnaires were returned. Among them, four hundred and eighty-four cases were male and 461 were female. The average age was 72.0±8.9 years with a low level of education, mainly junior high school or lower（88.3%）. Over the past year, only 50.11% elders sought for TCM treatment. Generally speaking, age, gender, education, pension mode and health behavior showed no significant association with TCM treatment. The elders seeking for TCM treatment over the past year held favorable attitude to TCM treatment and high economic status, yet, with poor health status, high prevalence and health literacy（or health attitudes）. It was concluded that the utilization rate of TCM services in the elders in Zhejiang Province was not optimist, probably resulting from the lack of publicity and market competitiveness of TCM. Therefore, TCM services should be promoted to meet the health needs of the elders and enhance the utilization rate of TCM services for the achievement of a significant role in the aging society in China.