中美制造业国际竞争力比较——基于GVC参与指数及GVC地位指数的分析

A Comparison of International Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry between China and America——An Analysis based on GVC-Participation Index and GVC-Position Index

采用WIOD数据库数据测算1995-2011年中美两国整体制造业及三类技术制造业(低、中低、中高及高技术行业)的出口额、GVC参与指数及GVC地位指数,结果表明:(1)中国制造业的关境及增加值出口均获得了快速发展,制造业出口结构中以低技术制造业为主,近年来开始转为以中高及高技术制造业为主;美国制造业的出口规模也在不断增加,虽然出口增速远低于中国,但其出口结构中以中高及高技术制造业为主。(2)中国制造业的GVC参与指数呈不断上升趋势,其中中高及高技术制造业的GVC参与指数最高;美国制造业的GVC参与指数也在逐渐提升,其中中低技术制造业的GVC参与指数最高。(3)中国制造业的GVC地位指数远低于美国,三类技术制造业的GVC地位指数也同样均低于美国,处于全球价值链下游位置。

Based on WIOD database,this paper estimates the value-added exports,GVC-Participation Index and GVC-Position Index of the total manufacturing industry and three kinds of manufacturing industry（low,medium,medium and high-tech industries） between America and China from 1995 to 2011.The results show（1） the customs and value-added exports of manufacturing industry in China have gained rapid development,and low technology manufacturing exports account for the highest proportion of total exports,however,medium and high technology manufacturing exports have begun to exceed low technology manufacturing exports in recent years;exports of manufacturing industry in America also increase constantly,though the growth rate of exports is lower than China,its high technology manufacturing exports account for the highest proportion of total exports.（2） The GVC-Participation Index of Chinese manufacturing industry shows a rising trend,and the high technology manufacturing industry＇ s GVC-Participation Index is the highest;at the same time,the GVC-Participation Index of American manufacturing industry is also gradually increasing,and the low technology manufacturing industry＇s GVC-Participation Index is the highest.（3） Total manufacturing and there kinds of manufacturing industry＇s GVC-Position Index of China are much lower than those of America,being in the downstream position of the global value chain.