我国棉花品种改良的方向与策略

Trends and Strategies of Cotton Genetic Improvement in China

目前我国棉花品种遗传基础狭窄,品种遗传背景同质化现象突出,纤维品质较差且品质类型单一,枯、黄萎病对产量、品质的影响始终存在;粮棉争地矛盾越来越突出,棉花向盐碱地、瘠薄地转移的趋势不可逆转。由于劳动力和农资成本不断提高,植棉收益急剧下降,棉花种植面积连续下滑,棉花生产全程机械化的要求极为迫切。本文对当前我国棉花品种改良中存在的这些突出问题进行了综述,围绕品种的产量和品质构成、抗逆性和棉花全程机械化等方面,归纳提出了今后我国棉花品种改良的方向和策略。

At present,for the cotton cultivars in China,the genetic basis is narrow,the genetic background homogeneity phenomenon is outstanding,the fiber quality is relatively poor with single type,and the effects of fusarium and verticillium wilt on cotton yield and quality are still common. Meanwhile,the contradiction of rice to cotton is more and more outstanding,the shift of the cotton production to saline,drought and barren land has become an irreversible trend. Because of the continuous increase of labor and agricultural material costs,the cotton income has sharply decreased,the cotton planting area has continuously declined,so the requirements of cotton production mechanization are extremely urgent. In this paper,the current outstanding problems in cotton genetic improvement in China at present were reviewed,and the trends and strategies of cotton genetic improvement in China were put forward from the lint yield and fiber quality,stress resistance and cotton production mechanization.