日本摄关政治下的贵族伦理探析

An Analysis of Noble Ethics under Regency Politics in Japan

日本平安时代,随着摄关政治的确立,儒家思想也开始在贵族中传播,以人伦、道德为中心的价值取向开始通过儒家经典、律令、文学作品等媒介进一步深入日本社会。君臣之别、等级之分以"礼"的形式得以强化,以"孝"为中心的家庭道德通过物语故事,夹杂着佛教的劝善思想在民间传播。这是自律令时代以来,儒家的人伦思想持续作用于日本社会的产物,使原本伦理色彩较为淡薄的日本思想,染上了人伦的气息。另一方面,摄关政治和国风文化的兴起,使贵族伦理向着"人情"的方向发展,这是具有情感主义色彩的日本传统伦理意识的延伸,在这一时代突出表现为强调"以心传心"的"感物之心"和以自由开放的恋爱为中心的两性意识。宗教方面,从上一时代起就开始影响日本人精神世界的佛教思想进一步向社会渗透,酿成了因果报应观和出世、彼岸的思想。

During the Ping＇an period in Japan, with the establishment and regency politics and the spread of Confucianism in the nobilities, the human ethics-centered value orientation began to further penetrate into Japanese society through Confucian classics, decrees and lit- erary works. The hierarchical system, such as the difference between monarchs and minis- ters, was reinforced by the form of its from the age of laws, Confucianism about human relationship had been influencing the Japanese society and made Japanese begin to pay atten- tion to it. As a result, family＇s moral focus on filial piety spread to people through the tales including Buddhist thinking and encouraging people to return to goodness. Besides, the regency politics and national customs made the ethics of the nobilities moving in the direc- tion full of human interest In fact, this was the extension of Japanese traditional ethical consciousness containing more emotion. In the matter of religion, Buddhist thought which be- gan to influence the spirit world of Japanese from last era had infiltrated more and more, which led to Buddhism karma, thoughts of renouncing the world and yearning for other happiness at last.