浙江桐乡“并家婚姻”策略的人类学解读

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF MARRIAGE OF JOINT NUCLEAR FAMILIES IN TONGXIANG,ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

20世纪70年代末中国政府实施计划生育政策来控制膨胀的人口,政策执行较为彻底的地方,独生子女或双女户的核心家庭增多。21世纪初,不愿采取嫁娶婚或赘婿婚的第一代独生子女家庭突破传统婚姻形式,采取且称"并家婚姻"的形式:可称作不嫁不娶,两个家庭按婚前协商好的顺序,均为新人办酒席、备婚房,新的并家婚家庭与各自原生家庭组成"多核心组合式家庭"。婚后维系双边亲系,双边继嗣,双边居住,双边"奶奶"称谓,及承担双边父母的养老及财产继承等。"并家婚姻"既是传统父系家族主义的变通性适应策略,体现着传统文化的韧性,又对当下新婚育政策的制定和执行有启发意义。

The Chinese government implemented the one-child policy to control expansion of the population in the late 1970s. As a result of this, the number of nuclear families with one child or two girls increased in regions where this policy was implemented relatively thoroughly. At the beginning of the 21st century, the first generation of the one-child family who were un- willing to take virilocal marriage or uxorilocal marriage broke through traditional form of marriage by taking the form of ＂marriage of joint nuclear family＂, which is referred to be neither get married （of a woman） nor taking a wife. Both families prepared a feast and wedding room according to the proce- dures of the premarital agreement. The new family is composed of the two original nuclear families, which is referred to as ＂joint nuclear family＂ . After marriage, young couples maintain bilateral sys- tem, cognatic descent, bilocality, bilateral grandma appellation, and bear responsibilities of support ing parents and property inheritance of both sides. Marriage of joint nuclear family is not only an adap- tive strategy of traditional patriarchal familism, which embodies the toughness of traditional culture, but also of enlightening significance to the formulation and implementation of new policy of marriage.