边境线上的认同与国家在场——以西双版纳勐腊县的田野调查为例

IDENTITY AND STATE PRESENCE ACROSS THE BORDER:AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF MENGLA IN SIPSONGPANNA

本文通过对中国南疆西双版纳勐腊县的田野调查,试图了解当下云南边境地区国家在场面临的困境以及这一困境对其自身民族认同与国家认同的影响。通过分析困境产生的历史与现实原因,从而推演出这一地区少数民族基于自身血缘和地缘关系所形成的认同场域,与国家实体边界所界定的在边境空间应具有的认同场域难以吻合,并且边境线之于边民的政治性意义与边民的日常生活实践亦难以统合。边境线在强调维系国家认同的同时,割裂了民族认同的维系,从而出现非法跨境以及国家的暂时退场。

This paper discusses the ethnic identity and state identity of the border inhabitants in China Southwest frontier by presenting their daily life and life space. Based on the field research in Mengla county of Sipsongpanna in Yunnan province, this paper tries to understand the plight faced by ＂state presence＂ in Yunnan border area and its impacts on identities of both the ethnic group and state. Through the analysis of historical and practical reasons of the plight, two conclusions have been made： firstly, the national boundary influences the life space of different ethnic groups, whose space order was formed in history. The manifestation of this influence is that that their daily behavior is illegal under the border control; secondly, the identity field based on con- sanguine and geopolitical factors does not coincide with the identity field defined by national entity boundary, and the political significance of border line is also difficult to integrate with the border inhabitants＇ practice in daily life. Although the border line dedicates on maintaining state identity, it dissevers ethnic identity of the cross-border inhabitants, which makes the presence of illegal cross-border behavior and absence of the state temporally.