从语义论元共指原则视角考察英语X-ee派生词

The Perspective of the Co-indexation Principle on Semantic Arguments: A Probe into English X-ee Derivatives

英语X-ee派生词常被错误地认为,其词基X仅为及物类动词,其语义角色主要表现为受事,但其实际语言编码形式远非如此简单。本文从当代美国英语语料库中提取数据,以语义论元共指原则为视角,考察英语X-ee派生词的诸种实际情况。研究发现有二:一是X-ee派生词中的词基X包括名词和动词两大类。其中,动词词基又分为五小类:及物动词、双宾语动词、管制介词动词、不及物动词和无相应指称论元动词;二是X-ee派生词因受后缀-ee与词基X的语义论元共指的制约作用,形成多种语义角色,而这些语义角色又因论元共指路径、语义匹配程度等因素而呈现由高至低的能产性梯度,表现为"受事类>间接宾语类/管制介词类>去名化人物名词类>施事类>无指称论元类"。

English X-ee derivatives have long been mistakenly viewed as patient nouns and their bases are considered to be only transitive verbs. However,the actual language encoding is not that simple. On the basis of the data extracted from the Corpus of Contemporary American English,and in the light of the Co-indexation Principle on Semantic Arguments,this study finds two main points:( 1) The bases of X-ee derivatives can be nouns and verbs. Moreover,the base verbs can be further divided into five categories as transitive verbs,ditransitive verbs,verbs with governed prepositions,intransitive verbs and verbs without arguments;( 2) The various arguments of X-ee derivatives are derived from the co-indexing processes of the affix and the bases' semantic arguments. Due to the co-indexing paths and semantic matching degrees,the productivity of these arguments presents a gradient from high to low : patient > indirect object and governed preposition> denominal person noun > agent > no argument.