中小学教师身份认同危机产生的精神来源及其解决

Crises of Teachers' Identity Resulting from Teachers' Spiritual Life and Its Solving

当前我国中小学教师身份认同危机产生的现实精神来源主要有关于生理的身体压力和关于心理的精神压力两方面,前者表现为教学任务繁重、管理任务繁杂、其他任务繁琐,后者表现为学生发展忧心、学校考核揪心、家庭负担扰心、社会评价烦心。上述压力致使教师身体状况欠佳、职业病症明显,精神面貌不振、职业倦怠突出,从业动力不足、职业认同扭曲。为此,要实行民主管理方式并给予教师以人文关怀,增强教师的主体存在感和群体归属感;切实加强教师培养的针对性,努力营造尊师重教的社会氛围,明确支配阶级、教育思想家和普通社会民众各自所要承担的职责与功能。

The crises of teachers＇ identity result from two aspects： One is about the teachers＇ working burdens, which includes the teaching work, the management of students, and the other non- teaching work. The other is about the spiritual burdens, which includes the worries for their students＇ achievements, their own professional ranks, their family economic burdens, and the unfair social evaluations. All of these make the teachers unhealthy, have occupation disease, feel low in spirit, feel burnout, with low motivation, and feel obscure for their identity of being a teacher. To solve these problems, we should form a democratic system of teacher management, enforce the pertinence of the teacher training, and clarify the responsibility and function of which the dominant class, the theorists, and the ordinary people should take on.