阿什河源头不同类型红松人工林枯落物及其土壤水文特性

Litter and Soil Hydrological Properties of Pinus koraiensis Plantations in Ashi River's Headstream

采用实地调查与室内试验分析的方法,研究了松花江干流南岸支流阿什河源头4种类型红松人工林的枯落物及其土壤水文特性。结果表明:4种类型红松人工林枯落物总储量从大到小顺序为红松纯林(12.57t/hm^2)、水曲柳—红松林(9.96t/hm^2)、黄檗—红松林(8.27t/hm^2)和胡桃楸—红松林(6.35t/hm^2)。4种类型红松人工林枯落物最大持水率为391.87%~573.93%,降雨有效拦蓄率为262.71%~409.61%,大小排序均为胡桃楸—红松林、黄檗—红松林、水曲柳—红松林和红松纯林。各类型红松人工林枯落物持水量及持水率随浸水时间呈对数形式增长,吸水速率随浸水时间呈幂指数关系下降。在0—30cm土层,土壤平均容重以胡桃楸—红松林(0.99g/cm^3)最小,红松纯林(1.04g/cm^3)最大,土壤总孔隙度均值以胡桃楸—红松林(58.77%)最大,红松纯林(56.22%)最小;土壤非毛管孔隙度均值范围为2.96%~5.85%,从大到小依次为胡桃楸—红松林、水曲柳—红松林、红松纯林和黄檗—红松林;土壤最大持水量和有效持水量的均值以胡桃楸—红松林最大,分别为587.67,58.47t/hm^2;土壤初渗速率、稳渗速率和渗透系数的均值也以胡桃楸—红松林最大,分别为3.64,2.78,1.10mm/min。综合4种类型红松人工林枯落物层和土壤层的水文特性,林分保水蓄水能力以胡桃楸—红松林最强,红松纯林最弱。研究结果可为研究地区的水土保育提供论据。

Litter and soil hydrological properties of four types of Pinus koraiensis plantations in the South branch of the Songhua river-Ashi river＇s Headstream were studied by using field investigation and experiment analysis method.It was shown that the litter total storage capacity in four types of plantations were in descending order of Pinus koraiensis plantation（12.57t/hm^2）,Fraxinus mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation（9.96t/hm^2）,Phellodendron amurense-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation（8.27t/hm^2）and Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation（6.35t/hm^2）.The maximum water-holding rate of litters ranged from 391.87%to 573.93%,the modified precipitation interception rate of litters ranged from 262.71%to 409.61%,both the ranking order as follow：Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation,Phellodendron amurense-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation,Fraxinus mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation and Pinus koraiensis plantation.In four types of plantations,both water holding capacity and water holding rate had remarkable logarithmic correlation with soaking time,while the absorption rate and soaking time was a power function.In the soil layer of 0—30cm,the average soil bulk density was the smallest in Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation（0.99g/cm3）,while it was the largest in Pinus koraiensis plantation（1.04g/cm3）.Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation showed the maximum soil porosity（58.77%）,whereas Pinus koraiensis plantation demonstrated the minimum soil porosity（56.22%）,and the non-capillary porosity ranged from 2.96% to 5.85%,being in descending order of Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation,Fraxinus mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation,Pinus koraiensis plantation and Phellodendron amurense-Pinus koraiensis mixed planta-tion.The maximum water-holding capacity and available water holding capacity per 10 cm soil depth were in Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation,reached 587.67t/hm2 and 58.47t/hm2 respectively.The mean of its initial infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,and infiltration coefficient were largest in Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation too,reached 3.64mm/min,2.78mm/min and 1.10mm/min,respectively.Judging from the hydrologic properties of litter layer and soil layer,the water conservation and storage capacity was the strongest in Juglans mandshurica-Pinus koraiensis mixed plantation,while it was the weakest in Pinus koraiensis plantation.The research results could provide evidence for soil and water conservation.