清末至民国时期玉米、番薯在青岛地区的传播及对居民主食结构的影响

The Spread of Maize and Sweet Potato in Qingdao Area from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China and Its Influence on the Staple Food for the Local People

清末至民国时期,青岛地区人口不断攀升,而传统耕地资源开发殆尽,人地矛盾的日益激化,为解决暴增人口的口粮,玉米、番薯这两种美洲作物依靠自身的生物学优势,在经历明清两代缓慢传播后,在清末至民国期间得以迅速扩种,在青岛及周边地区形成了集中产区,并逐步取代粟、黍、稷、高粱、豆类等传统作物,成为当地主要的粮食作物,也成为普通民众赖以果腹的主食。

From the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China, the population of Qingdao was rising, and the traditional cultivated land resource was depleted and the contradiction between people and land was intensified increasingly. In order to solve the ration of the increasing population, maize and sweet potato, relying on their biological advantages, the slow spread in the Ming and Qing dynasties, were planted with rapid expansion from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China,formed concentrated producing areas in Qingdao and the surrounding areas, and gradually replaced millet, broomcorn millet, sorghum, beans and other traditional crops as the local main food crops and the staple food for the local people.