欧盟农业改革对中国的启示:国际粮食价格长期波动和国内农业补贴政策的关系

The Implications of the Reform of Common Agricultural Policy in the EU for China: The Relationship between Long-Term International Grain Price Fluctuations and Domestic Agricultural Subsidies

本文回顾了欧盟共同农业政策的演变过程,并与中国农业补贴和价格支持政策的历史进行了比较,指出共同农业政策的改革过程以及中国农业补贴政策现在遇到的困境是和国际粮食价格长期波动相关的。中国现在遇到的问题只是重现了共同农业政策在20世纪80年代的困境。中国农业补贴政策改革应借鉴共同农业政策改革的经验和教训,除了保持适量的粮食库存以保障粮食安全外,必须按照国际粮价长期波动的节奏,逐步导入市场机制,减少扭曲生产的价格支持,同时增加对农民的直接补贴。

This article reviews the history of Common Agricultural Policy （CAP） in the EU and compares the CAP and the agricultural subsidies and price support policies in China. It finds that both the CAP reform process and the problems faced by China＇s agricultural subsidies are substantially related to long-run world grain price fluctuations. The current China is found to copy the situation of the CAP in the EU in the 1980s. The study suggests that the reform of China＇s agricultural policies in future learn from the experiences and lessons found in the CAP reform. That means that, besides holding the appropriate size of national food reserves to ensure food security, China should follow the rhythm of long-term world grain price fluctuations, gradually inlroduce market mechanism, eliminate price support policies which can distort production, and increase direct payments to farmers.