固定式海洋平台结构风险设计方法综述

Reviews and comments on risk-based design of fixed offshore platform structures

海洋平台的结构设计中主要考虑海洋环境和工作荷载作用,但近年来事故荷载的影响日益引起设计者关注。在此背景下,以固定式导管架平台结构为目标,综述当前针对事故荷载的风险设计方法的应用现状。首先论述在事故极限状态设计中应用风险分析的必要性;随后综述通用规范,如NORSOK、DNV、API等规范系列中对风险分析方法的使用现状,包括风险决策的不同层次、安全标准的各类形式,重在分析各类规范相关规定的异同,探讨各类方法的适用性;最后结合我国现状,论述若针对事故荷载编制基于风险方法的设计规范,目前尚存的问题,以及解决途径。

Traditionally,the effects of ocean environmental loads and working loads are normally assessed in offshore structural design,but the accidental loads effects have gotten more and more attention recently.In this context,the application status of risk-based accidental limited state design methodology especially for fixed offshore platform structures were commented.In detail,the necessity of using risk analysis method in accidental limited state design was firstly analyzed.Consequently,some risk-based design methods in general standards,e.g.NORSOK,DNV and API standard,were summarized,which involved different levels of risk decisions and kinds of risk acceptable criteria.On this basis,the features and advantage of these provisions in different standards were compared in order to understand their applicable condition.At last,the present problems and solutions of drawing up risk-based design codes of offshore structures under accidental loads in China were discussed.