有机马克思主义的生态思想探析

Analysis of ecological thoughts of Organic Marxism

针对有机马克思主义的生态文明理论,及其与西方生态思潮之间的区别问题,在生态哲学世界观、有机论、现代性价值观、生态共同体思想等角度,将有机马克思主义与"深绿""浅绿"思潮、生态马克思主义理论进行比较。研究认为,有机马克思主义创造性地将过程哲学、马克思主义和中国传统智慧结合起来,旨在创造出一种超越现代性、有利于构建"生态文明社会"的有机哲学;他们坚持批判现代性价值体系和资本主义制度,要求通过以共同体价值观为核心的有机教育,建立市场社会主义,是一种探索中的"非西方中心主义"生态文明理论;相较于西方"深绿""浅绿"思潮和生态学马克思主义,有机马克思主义并没有超越马克思主义和生态文明理论,对生态文明本质的理解上仍然存在着空想的浪漫主义色彩。

In view of the Organic Marxist theory of ecological civilization and its difference from the western ecological thoughts, this paper made a comparison among Organic Marxism, ＂deep ecology＂ ＂shallow ecology＂ and Ecological Marxism from perspectives of ecological philosophy world outlook, organic theory, modernity value outlook and ecological community thoughts. The results show that Organic Marxism creatively combines the process philosophy, Marxism and Chinese traditional wisdom to create an organic philosophy that transcends modernity and constructs an ＂ecological civilized society＂. They not only insist on criticizing the value system of modernity and the capitalist system, but also call for the establishment of market socialism through the community values as the core of organic education, which is an exploration of the ＂non-western-centrism＂ ecological civilization theory. Compared to the Western ＂deep ecology shallow ecology＂ and Ecological Marxism, Organic Marxism does not go beyond the Marxist and ecological civilization theory. Its understanding of the nature of ecological civilization still exists on the fantasy of romanticism.