1920年交通部工赈的舆论风波——以华北五省大旱灾为中心考察

The Public Opinion of Criticism for Work Relief of the Ministry of Communications in 1920——Study on the Great Drought over Five Provinces in North China

1920年中国华北直、鲁、豫、晋、陕等五省发生了特大旱灾,据统计此次旱灾中受灾县数达317县,灾民总数达三千多万。旱灾发生以来,国内外各界采取各种措施筹集赈款,并投入了大量的人力和物力实施救济。北京政府交通部虽不是赈务机关,但也积极筹集善款办理工赈。可是其在进行工赈的过程中把持赈款,引发社会不满,遭到舆论抨击,这也使得工赈效果大打折扣。

A server drought occurred in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi five provinces of North China in 1920. According to the statistics, 317 counties were hit and more than 30 million people became victims. Since the drought, all walks of life at home and abroad took various measures to raise money, and put a lot of manpower and material resources to implement relief. Although the Ministry of Communications of Beijing government was not a relief agency, it also actively raised money for work relief. However, it controlled the relief money in the process of work relief, which triggered social discontent and was criticized by the public opinion, which also made the effects of work relief greatly reduced.