地理景观对汉语的影响研究——以“山”“河”为例

Study of the Influences of Geographic Landscapes on Chinese Language——The Case of “山”“河”

语言表征可视为说话人心智中概念框架元素映射至外界的产物,探究它们的关系,有助于更深入地了解语言、心智、客观世界三者的本质关联。山、河是人们最早,也是体验最多的两种地理景观,于语言层面必存留其之"印记",故以二者为例,探究地理景观对汉语的影响。汉语地理景观词语的语义演变受制于人们关于地理景观的概念框架(知识结构)。地理景观的概念化产物多被作为语言形式化的"原料",其语用目的为增强表达的艺术性、经济性和形象感,且生成的表达亦受制于人们关于地理景观的概念框架(知识结构)。

Linguistic representations can be regarded as the products of the concept frame elements in speakers＇ mind mapping onto physical world, exploring their relationship will help to gain a deeper under-standing of the essential relationship between language, mind and the objective world. Mountain and river are the two earliest physical objects people experience, in the linguistic level their ＂marks＂ must be retained in the language. So this study explores the influences of natural landscapes to Chinese by taking mountains and rivers as examples. The semantic evolution of Chinese geographic landscape words is constrained by the conceptual framework （knowledge structure） of geographical landscape. The conceptual products of geographical landscapes are mostly used as ＂materials＂ for formalization of language, and their pragmatic purpose is to enhance the artistic, economic and visual sense of expression, and the generated expression is also subject to the conceptual framework （knowledge structure） about geographical landscapes.