新型PCR技术

New PCR Technologies

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)是一种选择性DNA快速扩增技术,常用于基因检测与分子诊断。作为分子生物学的关键技术,其发展经历了终点PCR、实时PCR和数字PCR三个阶段,实现了定性检测到绝对定量的转变。面对高GC模板和稀有突变的扩增难题,以及快速、高效和经济的特殊需求,诞生了极限PCR、光PCR、Cast PCR和脉冲PCR等多种新型PCR技术。

Polymerase chain reaction（PCR） is essentially a selective DNA amplification technique commonly applied for genetic testing and molecular diagnosis because of its high specificity and sensitivity. As a key technology in molecular biology, PCR has gone through the three stages of end-point PCR, real-time PCR and digital PCR, and achieved the leap from qualitative detection to absolute quantification. In practice, for the problems of amplifications of GC-rich templates and rare mutations, and the specific requirements of the rapid, efficient and economic, many new PCR techniques, such as HPE-PCR, Cast PCR, extreme PCR and photonic PCR, have come into being. In this article, the basic principles and applications of these PCR techniques were reviewed.