论商周陶模和范上的“定位线”

On the “Reference Lines” on the Pottery Models and Molds for Bronze-casting of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

在陶模、范表面刻划不具有花纹铸造意义的阴线,用以准确控制翻范时范与模间、浇铸合范时外范间、范与芯间相对位置的标识,可称为"定位线"。据功能具体差别,可分为模上定位线与范上定位线两大类。先秦时期陶模、范上定位线的使用延续较长,技术逐步成熟,这反映了中国块范法铸铜技术的传承有序和不断革新发展。

The sunken lines cannot be used for casting decors incised on the pottery models or molds for bronze casting were mostly used for accurately controlling the mold making, mold assembling, the relative positioning of the molds among the decor registers and the outer and inner molds and the cores. By their practical functions and making intentions, they can be named as ＂reference lines.＂ The reference lines on the models may be classified into four types, which were that for detaching （parting） molds, assembling models, decor register positioning and appendage setting. The reference lines on the molds may be classified into two types, which were that for the cavity positioning and mold assembling. In the pre-Qin period, the reference lines on the models and molds were used for rather long time, and the techniques were gradually maturing, which reflected the clear provenance and uninterrupted development of the piece-mold technique of China for bronze casting.