合格献血者疟原虫感染选择性筛查

Selective screening Plasmodium infection in eligible blood donors

目的近几年输入性疟原虫的感染率呈上升趋势,同时输血引起的疟原虫感染也时有发生,本研究拟调查献血者疟原虫感染情况。方法从2015年8—9月常规筛查合格的献血者中挑选353名献血者样品作为研究对象。用ELISA方法检测血清中疟疾抗体,对酶免阳性样品镜检红细胞中疟原虫的感染情况;从全血中提取DNA,设计针对疟原虫小亚单位核糖体RNA(ss r RNA)基因的特异性引物进行巢式PCR。结果本次试验共检出2.27%(8/353)疟疾抗体阳性样品,疟疾抗体阳性率与性别、工作环境和献血次数均没有相关性,但随着年龄增长阳性率增高,且46~60岁年龄组与其他年龄组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。8份样本红细胞镜检阴性,未检出DNA阳性。结论调查发现挑选出的合格献血者血清中存在一定比例的疟原虫抗体。为避免输血引起的疟原虫感染,加强对劳务输血人员的健康征询和教育尤为重要。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in eligible blood donors. Methods FromAugust to September 2015,the plasma samples from 353 eligible donors were tested for malarial antibody by using an enzymeimmunoassay（EIA） kit. Nucleic acids of the EIA reactive samples were extracted from whole blood. The blood smear was madeto observe the plasmodium by a microscope. A genus-specific primer pair and four species-specific primer pairs were designedbased on the Plasmodium small-subunit ribosomal RNA（ssr RNA） genes,and nested PCR was performed. Results A total of2.27%（8/353） of positive samples of malaria antibody were found. There were no correlation between malaria antibody andgender,working status and donation times. The prevalence of malaria antibody increased with the increasing age. The age groupof 46-60 years had significant difference from other age groups（P〈0.05）. No Plasmodium was detected in red cells by usingmicroscopy. None was DNA positive. Conclusions This investigation demonstrates there are a certain proportion of positiveserum samples of malaria antibody in eligible blood donors. Therefore,to avoid the Plasmodium infection from bloodtransfusion,healthy consultation is very important and health education should be strengthened,especially in migrant workers.