中国人粒细胞无形体病的研究进展

Progress in study of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in China

人粒细胞无形体病(HGA)是由嗜吞噬细胞无形体引起的一类人兽共患病,可经蜱叮咬的方式传播到人和动物体内,也可通过人-人的院内传播途径传播。1994年,美国首次报道威斯康星州一名患者感染HGA,随后该病呈世界性分布,在美洲、欧洲、澳洲、非洲及亚洲均有感染报道,目前已发展成为美国及欧洲第三大常见的媒介传播感染疾病。2006年,我国诊断出首例HGA,随后其感染逐年上升且分布广泛。以发热伴白细胞、血小板减少和多脏器功能损害为主要特点,该病无非常特异的临床症状,容易误诊,致使治疗不当导致病情恶化,甚至死亡,对我国人畜的健康构成极大的威胁。因此,对HGA的早期确诊对该病的有效治疗有着重要意义,其临床诊断需综合考虑流行病学、临床表现及实验室检查,治疗首选强力霉素。

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis（HGA） is a kind of tick- borne zoonosis which caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Besides,human-to-human transfusion can occur. Since a patient with HGA who was living in the Wisconsinof the United States was first described in 1994,then the disease shows worldwide distribution,it has been found in theAmericas,Europe,Australia,Africa and Asia. HGA is the third most common vector-borne infection in the USA and Europe.And the first HGA case in China was found in 2006. Then the cases are increasing and widely distributing in China. The mainclinical presentations consist of fever accompanied by leukopenia,thrombocytopenia,and multiple organ function damage. Itinduced a lot of misdiagnosis because of the non-specific clinical manifestation which will result in progressive deterioration ofthe patients,and even death. HGA threats people and livestock health seriously in China. Therefore,early diagnosis of HGAhas great significance to the effective treatment of the disease. The clinical diagnosis of HGA should be based on theepidemiology,clinical manifestation and laboratory examination. Doxycycline has been the first choice of HGA treatment.