国内外油气管道清管技术现状

An overview on current status of oil and gas pipeline pigging technology at home and abroad

清管是新建管道投产和管道运行中的重要工作。国内管道清管存在清管效果不理想,未制订专门、统一的标准规范等问题。分别从清管器类型、清管器选型原则、清管质量控制、清管周期、清管器速度控制和预测、清管器跟踪定位、清管器卡阻以及清管作业安全区域等方面,阐述了国内外管道清管技术新进展,特别指出应用凝胶-机械式清管器,研发适用于长距离站间距的高可靠性清管器,基于旁通阀调速机理的清管器实施控制技术等。还介绍了俄罗斯管道清管标准的先进性,包括新建管道清管质量控制措施,在役原油管道基于输送能力下降到一定程度时的紧急清管方法,聘用专业化清管器跟踪定位服务商,以及划定清管作业安全区域等。借鉴国外清管技术的先进性,对于提高我国管道清管技术水平以及制订清管标准规范具有重要意义。

Pipeline pigging is the important work for new pipeline construction and in-service pipeline operation. The main problems of domestic pipeline pigging are insufficient pigging effect and lack of specific pipeline pigging standard and code. The paper expounds the new technology of pipeline pigging at home and abroad from the aspects of pig types and selection principle, pipeline pigging quality control, pigging period, pig velocity control and forecast, pig tracing and locating, pig blocking and safe zone of pigging operation. The stressed techniques include application of gel-mechanical isolation pig, development of highly reliable pig used for long distance between stations and development of pig control technique based on bypass valve speed adjusting mechanism. In addition, the advanced Russian pipeline pigging standards are introduced with respect to the pigging quality control measures for new pipeline, emergency pigging as pipeline transportation capacity decreasing to a certain extent, professional pig monitoring service provider, and designating safe zone of pipeline pigging operation. It is important to improve Chinese pipeline pigging level and develop Chinese pipeline pigging standards by means of foreign pipeline pigging technology.