发展性阅读障碍的神经预测研究进展

Advances in Research into Neuro-Prediction of Developmental Dyslexia

发展性阅读障碍是学龄儿童中常见的一种学习障碍,约占学习障碍的80%。阅读障碍伴随着阅读学习的开始而显现和发展,因此对阅读障碍的诊断只能是在正式开始阅读学习之后数月甚至数年后,这种滞后的诊断将使儿童错失最佳的训练时机。本文首先简要介绍了阅读障碍的特点和神经预测的生物学基础。然后详述了新近神经影像学关于儿童阅读障碍预测的研究。近期神经影像学的研究发现通过对儿童早期与语言相关的大脑活动的测量能够预测学龄儿童阅读发展。此外,联合神经影像学和行为测量的指标,将极大地提高对阅读障碍的预测。这些发现将为阅读障碍早期的预防、干预和教育辅导提供有效的帮助。

Developmental dyslexia, a common learning disability among school-age children accounting for 80% of learning disabilities, develops with the beginning of reading practice, but can only be diagnosed and treated after several months or years since the beginning of reading practice. The present study introduces the fea- tures of dyslexia and the biological basis of neuro-prediction, as well as the research into the neuro-prediction of developmental dyslexia. The recent research into neuroimaging shows that the measurement of brain activities related to early childhood language cognition can help predict children＇s reading development; also, the neuroim- aging and behavioral measurement indicators will significantly improve the prediction of reading disabilities. The study concludes that these findings will offer effective help to the prevention, intervention, and instruction for developmental dyslexia.