近代中国机器进出口贸易与区域工业差异的分析

A study of the international machinery trade and regional differences of industry in early modern China

选取《中国旧海关史料》中1906—1931年进出口贸易(尤其是机器工业进出口数据)作为基础,以机器工业与机器进出口贸易的相关性为切入点,分析了以上海为代表的主要港口城市机器进出口贸易额与工业发展规模的地域分异,揭示了近代中国工业分布格局。通过对机器工业进口额的时序变化和竞争力进行分析,反映出近代工业发展的区域时空演变过程及其趋势。在此基础上,考察通商口岸影响下的近代中国主要经济板块、港口—腹地关系、点轴交通网络格局,结合历史史实,观察近代工业区位选择的条件与口岸城市的位序优势,揭示近代中国工业以沿海沿江为主轴分布的经济地理网络,从而为当代中国区域发展战略提供支持。

Through an analysis of the international trade data in Chinese Customs Data （1906-1931）,especially the machinery trade data,as well as the correlation between the machinery industry and machinery trade,this paper discusses their geographical differences by analyzing the imports and exports of machinery and the scale of the industrial development of the major port cities represented by Shanghai,which mirrors the industrial pattern of China in early modern times.The analysis of the quantity of the imported machinery in terms of time and competitiveness reflects the spatiotemporal changes of the industrial development of China in early modern times.Besides,it also discusses the major economic zones,the port-hinterland relations,transport networks un-der the influence of the trade ports as well as the geographical vantage points of the industrial zones and port cities,which helps reveal the layout of economic geography centering on the coastal areas and the major river valleys in early modern China,and can shed some light on the implementation of the strategic plans for the regional development in contemporary China.