2005～2014年温州地区重症道路交通伤害住院患儿的流行病学特征及变化趋势

目的分析10年温州医科大学附属育英儿童医院重症医学科（ICU）道路交通伤害住院患儿的流行病学特征及变化趋势。方法对2005年1月至2014年12月476例0-14岁因道路交通伤害收住ICU患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并将资料分为前后5年两组进行对比。结果476例道路交通伤害患儿中男女性别比为1．75：1，1-3岁年龄组好发（39．63％）；12：00和16：00为高发时间点，7-9月份为高发季节；父母职业主要以务工为主；伤害儿童的出行方式主要是步行（75．42％）；肇事车辆以汽车为主（76．89％）；主要伤害部位为头颈部（46．85％）．严重的颅内损伤为死亡的最主要的原因。前后5年两组对比，发现后5年组的道路交通伤害发生率增加，步行和骑车伤害比例增多，电动助力肇事增加明显。结论儿童道路交通伤害的发生与患儿的性别、年龄、时间和父母职业有关，且后5年步行和骑车伤害、电动助力肇事增加，政府在制定防范措施时需有针对性。

Objective To study and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the trend for 10 years road traffic injuries among hospitalized children in ICU from Yuying Children＇ s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Methods The retrospective study included 476 children of 0-14 years treated for road traffic injuries from Yuying Children＇ s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from Jan 2005 to Dec 2014. These injury cases were divided into the group before 5 years and the group after 5 years for further comparison. Results The sex ratio of 476 cases of children with road traffic injuries was 1.75 ： 1.Injury cases were mainly in 1-3 age group （ 39.63 % ） . The peak time of road traffic injuries occurred 12： 00 and 16： 00, and showed a higher incidence from July to September. Parents＇ occupation mainly engaged in manual labor.Damage occurred mainly on pedestrian （ 75.42% ） , cars were main causes of accident vehicles （ 76.89% ） , neck was the main injury parts. Intracranial injury was the leading cause of the death.Compared between the group before 5 years and the group after 5 years, showing a rising rate of road traffic injuries of the latter period. More cycle related crashes and pedestrian injuries of the latter period, and electric moped accidents were also increased significantly. Conclusion Road traffic injuries in children are related with gender, time and season, parents＇ occupation and so on. But cycle related crashes and pedestrian injuries, and electric moped accidents increased significantly in the latter period. Therefore, the government formulating the preventive measures should be targeted.