基于遥感的1979—2014年中国填海造地变化特征分析

CHINA'S LAND RECLAMATION CHANGES FROM 1979—2014 BASED ON REMOTE SENSING DATA

以Landsat系列卫星的MSS/TM/ETM+的遥感影像以及SPOT-5、ZY-3卫星的遥感影像为数据源,在Arc GIS和ENVI软件相结合的技术条件下,对1979—2014年5个时期的遥感数据进行处理,获取了中国近35年来填海造地变化数据,并系统分析了1979—2014年中国填海造地4个阶段的时空变化特征。结果表明,1979—2014年中国填海造地面积已达2 156.77 km^2,年均填海造地面积增长了61.62 km^2,其中,辽宁省是填海造地面积最大的省份,占总面积的18.41%,海南省填海造地面积最小,仅占总面积的0.99%。在此期间,由各阶段围海转化为填海造地的面积总量为405.28 km^2,占填海造地总面积的18.79%。年均围海转化填海造地面积为16.89 km^2。由各类型围海转化为填海造地的面积均呈现逐年增长趋势,其中以养殖用海转化为填海造地的面积增长幅度最大。

This paper, based on Landsat＇s MSS/TM/ETM ＋ and SPOT-5 and ZY-3 remote sensing images, acquires the land reclamation changes by using ArcGIS and ENVI to process the five periods＇ image data from 1979-2014, analyzes systematically the temporal-spatial changes in four stages in China＇s land reclamation. By 2014 China＇s coastal reclamation by land fill had reached up to 2156.77 km2, increasing by 61.62 km2 annually. Liaoning ranks the top, up to 18.41% ; Hainan is the bottom of 0.99%. The area of the land fill converted from land enclosing is 405.28 km2, covering 18.79% of the total land reclamation area, and is 16.89 km2 annually. The result shows a rising area of the land fill converted from land enclosing, of which the marine breeding contributes the most.