资源错置与中国企业规模分布特征

Misallocation of Resources and Characteristics of Chinese Enterprise Scale Distribution

合理的企业规模分布是产业结构转型升级和城市层级体系优化的必要条件。从资源错置的视角出发,分析中国企业规模分布特征及其形成机制,实证结果表明,中国企业规模分布偏离了由生产率分布决定的最优。规模扭曲系数与生产率负相关,高效率的企业因"约束"而无法长大,低效率的企业因"补贴"而不合理膨胀。这提高了规模分布的帕累托指数,使得大企业和小企业数量不足,而中间规模企业过多。资源错置破坏了企业规模与生产率的对应关系,造成先进生产力利用不足,落后产能过度扩张,同时削弱了相关产业政策的有效性。

The rational distribution of enterprise scale is a necessary condition for the transformation and upgrading of industrial structures and the optimization of urban hierarchal systems.From the perspective of misallocation of resources,an empirical analysis of the features of enterprise scale distribution in China and the mechanism behind its formation shows that the distribution of Chinese enterprise scale deviates from the optimal state determined by the distribution of productivity.The size distortion coefficient is negatively correlated with productivity,so that enterprises with high productivity are prevented from growing because of'constraints, 'while those with low productivity fatten thanks to irrational'subsidies.' That increases the Pareto Index of scale distribution,resulting in insufficient numbers of large andsmall-sized enterprises and an excess of mid-sized ones.The misallocation of resources destroys the correspondence between enterprise size and productivity,causing the inadequate utilization of advanced productive forces and excessive expansion of backward production capacity and at the same time weakening the effectiveness of related industrial policies.