抗战街头剧演剧形态与文化特质剖析——对1938年成都《儿童世界》街头公演的再解读

On the Format and Cultural Traits of Street-side Opera During the Anti-Japanese War Period: Reinterpreting the World of Children Staged in Chengdu in 1938

抗战时期是公认的中国现代戏剧黄金时段,但以往研究多集中于戏剧文本和剧场戏剧。笔者认为,其时大盛的街头剧是抗战演剧的主要形态,其繁盛原因与政府因抗战而制定的戏剧政策、演剧体制及剧作家心态转变密不可分,并且因此形成了诸多有别于战前戏剧的新演剧特征,其演出和观看也成为中国现代戏剧史上重要的集体记忆,却因为种种历史原因未得到充分剖析。本文以1938年成都《儿童世界》一剧公演为典型案例,运用大量一手资料重新解读抗战街头剧的演剧形态与深层文化特质,以进一步理解抗战戏剧的艺术形态变化及战争与中国现代戏剧改变的深层关联。

The Anti - Japanese War periodis commonly recognized as the golden time of the modem Chinese drama. Previous research is largely focused on drama scripts and theatre drama, to the neglect of the street - sideopera, a major form of performance at the time. The street - side opera prospered as a result of the favorable government policy, the performance system and the psychological changes ofplaywrights, giving rise to a number of different features from those of prewar dramas. The performance and viewing formed a significant collective memory inmodernChinese drama history. Using the World of Children as a typical case, this paper utilizes plenty of one - hand materials to decode theformat and deeper cultural traits of the street - sideopera during the Anti - Japanese War period, with the hope of deepening understanding of the changes in art formats ofthe time and the relationship between the war andmodern Chinese drama.