阿旃陀石窟的地形对慈善寺窟龛选地的影响——读《慈善寺与麟溪桥》札记

The Influence of the Terrain of the Ajanta Caves to the Selection of the Terrain of the Cishansi Temple——the Note on Reading Cishansi Temple and Linxiqiao: Report of the Survey on Buddhist Statue Niches

在以往有关佛教遗迹与遗物的研究中,人们更多地关注印度与中国佛教造像之间的关系,而对于相互之间在地形选择的影响方面的探讨略显不足。本文以读书札记的形式,根据陕西麟游慈善寺窟龛所在地的地形,与印度阿旃陀石窟所在地的地形存在相似性这一点,认为这绝不是偶然发生的,而是前者受了后者的影响。以此为依据,进一步认识到,中国古代石窟的开凿在地形的选择上也受了印度的影响,当然中国传统的风水思想的影响,也是一个不可忽视的因素。

In the previous studies on the Buddhist remains and relics, the researchers paid more attention to the relationship between the Buddhist sculptures of India and China, but the explorations on the mutual influences in the selections of the terrains of the opening of the cave temples are insufficient. As a reading note, this paper pointed out that the similarity of the terrains where the caves and niches of Cishansi Temple in Linyou County, Shaanxi and that of the Ajanta Caves in India was not a coincidence but the influence to the former by the latter. Based on this realization, this paper further revealed that the selections of the terrains of other cave temples in ancient China were also influenced by that from India, and, of course, the Chinese traditional fengshui-geomancy idea was also an unignorable element.