抗阻训练与疲劳

Resistance Exercise and Fatigue

抗阻训练是目前体育领域中非常重要的训练方式,与其他不同形式的训练共同作用,从而促进人体健康。抗阻训练不同于一般运动方式,在抗阻训练时,由于动作的作用方向和训练强度改变的影响,人体肌肉和骨骼会产生适应性变化,同时某些类型的抗阻训练还可以刺激人体的心血管系统。抗阻训练需要考虑的因素包括:训练方案,训练类型,训练顺序,以及训练负荷。这些因素的改变,能够使人体产生特定的适应性变化,例如肌肉维度,肌肉力量以及肌肉耐力。在抗阻训练中无论是何种训练方式或者多少训练负荷都会导致疲劳的产生,目前国内外对于外周性疲劳的产生机制有很多的研究,但对于中枢性疲劳的研究相对较少。本文尝试了解目前研究者对于抗阻训练中外周和中枢性疲劳的研究,主要集中于两种疲劳的生理生化机制,以及在抗阻训练中最大负荷下重复训练和亚极量负荷下重复训练时疲劳的产生。

Resistance exercise is a popular form of conditioning in the field of sports. Resistance exercise can improve the health of human body together with other forms of exercise. Resistance exercise differs significantly from other traditional training, and several variables determine the direction and range of adaptive changes that occur in the muscular and skeletal system of the body. Some modes of resistance training can also be effective in stimulating the cardiovascular system. These variables include exercise selection, type of resistance, order of exercise, and exercise load. Manipulating these variables allows for specific adaptive changes which may include gains in muscle mass, muscle strength or muscle endurance. It has been well established that during resistance exercise fatigue occurs, regardless of the volume and intensity of work applied. The peripheral mechanisms of fatigue have been studied and explained in more detail than those related to the central nervous system. This review is an attempt to bring together the latest knowledge regarding fatigue, both peripheral and central, during resistance exercise and concentrated on physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying fatigue in exercises performed with maximal intensity, as well as those performed to exhaustion with numerous repetitions and submaximal load.