丝绸之路引种中国的油料作物及其传播动因

The Oil Crops Introduced into China through the Silk Road and Their Spread Motivations

域外油料作物引种中国是丝绸之路中外农业交流史的一个重要组成部分。这些外来作物主要包括芝麻、亚麻、红花、棉花、蓖麻、花生、向日葵等七种。它们分别在不同的历史时期通过陆上、海上丝绸之路进入中国本土,并成功得到推广扩种,很快成为中国众多油料作物中的普通成员,有的甚至在现今的油料作物构成中拥有举足轻重的地位和影响。究其原因,外来油料作物良好的生态适应性和环境接纳性,与传统种植制度的协调一致,利用途径丰富、经济效益明显,以及中国传统社会文化的普遍接受认可等是起到关键作用的几个方面。

The introduction of foreign oil crops into China is an important part of the history of Chinese and foreign agricultural exchanges on the Silk Road. These exotic crops mainly included seven kinds： sesame, flax, safflower, cotton, castor, peanut and sunflower. They spread into China in different histor- ical periods respectively through the land and maritime Silk Road, and promoted expanding successfully, soon became ordinary members of many oil crops in china. Some even had a pivotal position and influ- ence in todayg oil crops. The reason for such a rapid development might be due to several aspects that play a key role, such as exotic oil crops＇ good ecological adaptability and environmental acceptance, consistent with the traditional cropping system, rich utilization and obvious economic benefits, as well as the general acceptance of Chinese traditional social culture, etc.