节水灌溉稻田杂草群落多样性分析

An Analysis of Water-saving Irrigation on Weed Community Diversity in Paddy Fields

为了明确节水灌溉稻田杂草种类、发生密度及其群落多样性,以常规灌溉为对照,在2013年研究了高邮灌区水稻控制灌溉对稻田杂草群落多样性的影响。结果表明:控制灌溉稻田杂草种类共有10科13种,常规灌溉则有9科11种,控制灌溉稻田杂草物种丰富度要高于常规灌溉;常规灌溉稻田杂草各生育期发生密度总体大于控制灌溉,且部分生育期差异显著;同时控制灌溉稻田杂草危害优势种少于常规灌溉;虽然不同灌溉模式下杂草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随生育期变化不大且无显著差异,但控制灌溉稻田杂草Pielou均匀度在生育后期整体要大于常规灌溉,杂草群落相对稳定。由此可见,控制灌溉对稻田杂草密度和危害优势种具有一定的控制作用,可以有效地抑制部分杂草的爆发,对维护稻田杂草多样性及稻田生态平衡具有重要的意义。

To define the weed species, density, harm degree and community diversity, with the traditional flooded irrigation as the control treatment, we did research on the weed community diversity with controlled irrigation in Gaoyou Irrigation District in 2013. The results show that there were 10 families and 13 species in controlled irrigation, 9 families and 11 species in traditional irrigation, the species richness in controlled irrigation was more than traditional irrigation. The weed overall density was greater in traditional irrigation than controlled irriga- tion, and a significant difference was found in a part of the growth period of rice. Meanwhile, the harm dominant species of weeds in con- trolled irrigation were less than traditional irrigation. Although, the Shannon-wiener diversity index had no significant difference with growth period developing in different irrigation modes, the values of Pielou evenness in controlled irrigation was higher than traditional irrigation in the late growth period of rice, and the weed community was relatively stable in controlled irrigation fields. Thus, the controlled irrigation had some control functions to the weed density and the harmful dominant species, and could effectively inhibit outbreak of harmful weeds, to make paddy weed community diversity and paddy ecological balance have a great significance.