不同灌水处理和覆膜对西北旱区农田水热状况和春小麦生长的影响研究

The Effect of Different Irrigation Amount and Mulching on the Growth of Spring Wheat and Water and Heat Situation in the Farmland in Arid Region of Northwest China

为了解不同的灌水处理和覆膜对我国西北旱区春小麦生长状况的影响,2014年在中国农业大学石羊河流域农业与生态节水试验站进行了田间试验。试验共分10个处理(包括覆膜/不覆膜处理和5个不同的灌水处理)。试验表明,覆盖地膜可以使春小麦生育期平均提前6~13 d,同时显著提高积温和前期土壤含水量。随着灌水量增加,覆膜与不覆膜春小麦的实际产量均有所增加,水分生产率有所下降。覆膜处理在相同灌水量情况下实际产量和水分生产率均高于不覆膜处理,且在灌水量偏大和偏小时,提高更为显著。

In order to understand the influence of various irrigation treatments and the field mulching on the growth of spring wheat in the arid regions of Northwestern China, an experiment was conducted in Shiyang River Experiment Station of China Agricultural University in 2014. This study includes five different irrigation amount treatments and the treatment of mulching/without mulching, which amounts to ten treat- ments. Results show that mulching has enhanced crop yield per acre of spring wheat through increasing grain number and shortened the growth period for 6 N 13 d. At the same time, field mulching can greatly increase the accumulated temperature and maintain the soil water content in the early stage effectively. With the increase in irrigation, the crop yield will all increase for both the cases with field mulching and without field mulching, while the water use efficiency will all show the trend of decrease. Under the same irrigation amount, the crop yield and water use efficiency of the cases with field mulching are higher than the cases without mulching. It is especially remarkable when the irrigation amount is higher or smaller.