碳排放约束下中国苹果全要素生产率研究

Study on total factor productivity of apple in China under carbon emissions

在构建苹果碳排放测算体系基础上,核算1994—2013年中国21省苹果碳排放量,比较分析不同年份、区域之间苹果碳排放总量与密度,之后采用Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数(ML指数)分析碳排放约束下中国苹果全要素生产率及其分解成分。结果表明:1)2013年中国苹果碳排放总量为153.20万t,较1994年增加40.22%,呈现出"上升-下降-上升"阶段性变化特征;苹果碳排放密度从1994年1.81kg/hm2持续增长到2013年3.00kg/hm2,增速明显。从区域来看,样本期内中国苹果碳排放总量排名前7位的地区均为苹果主产省,但省域差异明显;不同省域的苹果碳排放密度均逐年增长,但排名前3位的地区保持不变,包括天津、北京与新疆。2)1994—2013年碳排放约束下苹果碳排放平均绩效呈现出阶段性变化特征,年平均增长率为2.98%,其中技术效率增长为0.91%,技术进步率增长为2.61%,说明技术进步的贡献相对较高。从区域来看,黄土高原优势区ML指数、技术进步率指数均高于环渤海湾地区,同时黄土高原优势区苹果全要素生产率的最佳实践者的省份数量也多于环渤海湾优势区。

Based on the construction of the measurement system of apple carbon emissions,apple carbon emissions and intensity was investigated,and Malmquist-Luenberger index（ML index）was adopted to calculate the dynamic change of the apple total factor productivity under carbon emissions in 21 provinces between 1994 and 2013.The results show that：1）,The apple carbon emissions amount in 2013 reached 1.532 0 million tons,a 40.22% increase over 1994,and showed an obvious‘up-down-up＇phase-change characteristic;Apple carbon emissions density significantly increased from 1.81kg/hm^2 in 1994 to 3.00kg/hm^2 in 2013;From regional view,provinces in the top 7 of apple carbon emissions belonged to the main production of apple＇s provinces.However,the regional difference were obvious in the sampling period;Carbon emissions density in different provinces displayed an increasing trend,but the set of provinces in the top 3 of apple carbon emissions density remained unchanged in specified point-in-time,including Tianjin,Beijing and Xinjiang,in which the apple carbon density in Tianjin was highest in 2013.2）,The apple total factor productivity under carbon emissions showed an obvious phase-change characteristic,and the average annual growth reached 2.98%.The growth of technical efficiency growth was 0.91%,and technical progress rate was 2.61%,indicating that the contribution of technical progress was relatively high.ML index and technical progress rate in Loess Plateau region were higher than Pohai coastal region,and the number of provinces on the best practitioners of apple total factor productivity in former region was more than the latter.