河北地区不同农田蚯蚓多样性及其与土壤环境的关系

Relationship between earthworm diversity and soil environment in Hebei area

为探讨河北地区土壤环境对蚯蚓多样性的影响,采用挖掘法收集土壤与蚯蚓样品,蚯蚓个体清水洗净后放在吸水纸上吸干水分,称其鲜重,随后使用75%乙醇处死蚯蚓,全部个体保存于95%乙醇。个体形态鉴定依据《中国陆栖蚯蚓》。结果表明:在河北地区共记录12种蚯蚓,隶属于3科,6属。日本杜拉蚓(21.00条/m^2)、天锡杜拉蚓(14.09条/m^2)与梯形流蚓(16.91条/m^2)为该地区优势种。各采样点蚯蚓密度是8~216条/m^2,蚯蚓总鲜重1.60~530.12g/m^2。玉米地的物种多样性指数最大(0.84),杨树林最小(0.451);杨树林的优势度指数最大(0.398),玉米地最小(0.179);玉米地的物种均匀度指数最高(0.365),杨树林最低(0.325);卷心菜地的丰富度指数最高(1.594),杨树林则最小(0.662)。卷心菜地与玉米地2种生境之间的物种相似度最高(0.80)。河北地区土壤为弱碱性,pH为7.52~8.96;有机质含量为0.12%~3.42%。全氮含量为0.01%~0.20%。速效磷含量最小含量为1.56mg/kg,最大值为270.76mg/kg。速效钾含量最小含量为60mg/kg,最大值为825mg/kg。卷心菜地有机质含量(1.689%)稍高于其他生境。各生境的全氮含量均偏低。玉米地速效磷含量(22.149mg/kg)略高于总体均值,且高于杨树林、卷心菜地的磷含量。卷心菜地速效钾含量最高(249.035mg/kg),杨树林速效钾、速效磷含量最低(184.454和6.175mg/kg)。河北中部地区速效钾含量最高(266.663mg/kg),东部为最低(110.478mg/kg)。北部地区速效磷含量较高(37.711mg/kg),东部地区最低(4.175mg/kg)。结论:土壤pH、有机质、全氮含量、作物类型是蚯蚓物种密度的关键影响因素。

This study aimed to discuss the influence of soil environment on earthworm diversity in Hebei area. Samples of soil and earthworm were collected by digging. Fesh weight of each earthworm was measured after washing. Earthworms were killed by 75% ethanol, and then stored in 95% ethanol. The results showed that： Twelve earthworm species were reported belonging to three families and six generas. Drawida japonica （21 ind/m2）, D. gisti （14.09 ind/m2） and Aporrectodea trapezoids （16.91 ind/m2） were dominant species;The density of earthworm species in Hebei area was 8 - 216 ind/m2 ,and the biomass of fresh samples was 1.6 - 530.12 g/m2 ;Biodiversity index except Simpson was higher in corn farm and cabbage garden than forest. Simpson index was highest （0. 398） in foresh Species similarity between corn farm and cabbage garden was highest （0.8） ; Soil properties in all localities were pH value 7.52 - 8.96,organic matter 0. 12% - 3.42%, total nitrogen 0. 01% - 0. 2%, available phosphorus 1.56 - 270. 76 mg/kg andavailable potassium 60 - 825 mg/kg, respectively; Organic matter was highest （ 1. 689%） in cabbage garden, totalnitrogen was low in 3 habitats, available phosphorus was highest （22. 149 mg/kg） in corn farm, and available potassiumwas highest （249. 035 mg/kg） in corn farm. In conclusion, the pH value of soil,organic matter, and nitrogen content and crop type were key factors affecting the earthworm density and its biomass significantly.