广州市番禺区不同人群对肺结核就诊态度的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of attitude towards tuberculosis among different population groups in Panyu District of Guangzhou City

目的通过对广州市番禺区常住居民、流动人口和学生3个群体人群对肺结核的就诊态度进行分析,为肺结核防治提供数据支持。方法采用横断面调查,确定15岁以上城乡居民419人、流动人口749人和学生325人共1 493人为调查对象;对肺结核就诊态度进行问卷调查。结果不同学历的受访者对肺结核就诊态度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),必须请假看病、检查很痛苦、花费时间多和经济负担大4方面态度持"完全不同意"的随学历增高而下降。学生对"及时就诊有助于早期发现肺结核、可以尽快获得治疗、有助于疾病康复、有助于尽快恢复工作/学习"持有完全同意态度的分别是58.15%、53.23%、56.31%和51.38%,常住居民和流动人口在此方面持完全同意高达80%;"做肺结核检查的过程很痛苦"常住居民和流动人口表示同意的占多数,学生则是以中立为主;及时就诊、就诊的主观因素和客观因素等9方面的态度中,常住居民、流动人口和学生差异均有统计学意义(χ2=159.597、218.520、185.135、180.736、42.603、145.348、121.229、47.798、40.832,P<0.05)。其中"及时就诊有助于早期发现肺结核、去就诊并进行肺结核检查花费的时间太多、就诊和治疗的过程会给家里带来很大的经济负担"这3方面态度中,常住居民和流动人口差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学生对患肺结核及时就诊认知度低;常住居民和流动人口对肺结核检查存在恐惧感,不利于肺结核的早期发现。需针对不同人群开展适合其方式方法的健康教育,还需政府正确引导和多部门协调开展,从而有效落实肺结核的防控措施。

Objective This report aims to provide data to support the prevention of tuberculosis through the analysis of three study objective groups＇ attitude towards tuberculosis, including ordinary residents, floating population and students. Methods The questionnaire survey is used to examine the people＇ s attitude towards tuberculosis. Based on the formula of cross - sectional study, the estimation of sample size should be 1 493 respondents that incorporate 419 urban and rural residents over the age of 15, 749 participants in floating population and 325 students. Results There is a significant discrepancy（ P 〈 0. 05 ） that respond- ents with different education background hold the various attitudes towards tuberculosis. The participants with higher education background less hold the disagreement regarding the attitude towards ＂must ask for leave to see the doctor＂, ＂examination is painful＂, ＂time -consuming＂ and ＂financial burden＂ . The results indicate the number of students who agree ＂timely medical alternative is conducive to diagnose the tuberculosis in early period＂, ＂access the treatment as soon as possible＂, ＂contribute to the rehabilitation of disease＂, ＂lead to the resumption of study or work＂ occupies 58. 15%, 53.23%, 56. 31% and 51.38% respectively. However, the number of ordinary residents and floating population who hold the same attitude therefrom up to 80%. Moreover, the majority of ordinary residents and floating population believe ＂the process of tuberculosis examination is painful＂ otherwise the students hold a neutral attitude to it. There is a discrepancy（ P 〈 0. 05 ） among the group of ordinary residents, float- ing population and students regarding the attitude towards subjective and objective factors of timely treatment （x2 = 159. 597, 218.520, 185.135, 180.736, 42.603, 145.348, 121.229, 47.798, 40.832, P〈0.05）.In addition, there is no discrepancy（P〉 0. 05）between attitude comparison of ＂timely treatment is conducive to diagnose the tuberculosis the costly time in treatment and ex- amination＂ and ＂the economic burden of family caused by treatment＂ whereas the pairwise comparison has statistically significance（P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion Student group possesses the low awareness of timely treatment of tuberculosis. Meanwhile, ordinary resi- dents and floating population hold a fearful attitude towards tuberculosis test, which against the diagnosis of tuberculosis in early stage. Hence, the accurate guidance of government and cooperation with different departments are dispensable in order to develop the health education regarding various treatments for different population groups, which is conducive to promote the effect of pre- vention of tuberculosis.