北京市丰台区麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫前后麻疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles before and after supplementary immunization of measles attenuated live vaccine in Fengtai District of Beijing

目的了解2010年北京市丰台区麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫前后麻疹的流行病学特征,为进一步做好麻疹防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对北京市丰台区麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后麻疹发病资料的流行病学特征进行统计分析。结果麻疹疫苗强化免疫前2006-2010年和强化免疫后2011-2015年北京市丰台区分别报告麻疹病例2075例和662例,年平均发病率分别为25.42/10万和5.95/10万。与强化免疫前相比,强化免疫后麻疹年平均发病率下降76.59%;麻疹病例各年龄组的构成比存在一定的变化,≤24岁各年龄组人群构成比均降低,≥25岁各年龄组人群的构成比升高。麻疹发病仍以外省户籍为主,北京本市户籍构成比上升。2011-2015年比2006-2010年强化后8月龄~14岁组麻疹病例中无免疫史与含麻疹成分疫苗接种史的构成比均增加,免疫史不详的构成比下降。结论麻疹疫苗强化免疫活动可以短期内显著降低麻疹的发病水平,成人和本市户籍的构成比增加,8月龄~14岁组病例仍存在免疫空白。今后应进一步加强常规免疫,确保2剂含麻疹成分疫苗的接种率均达到95%;加强成人易感者麻疹疫苗的接种,提高成人免疫水平。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles before and after supplementary immunization of measles attenuated live vaccine in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2010, and to provide the evidence for measles con- trol. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles before and after supplementary immu- nization of measles attenuated live vaccine in Fengtai District of Beijing. Results In Fengtai District, there were 2 075 measles cases from 2006 to 2010 and 662 from 2011 to 2015, with average annual incidence of 25.42/100 000 and 5.95/100 000. Comparing with the measles cases before supplementary immunization, average annual incidence decreased 76. 59%. The proportion of all age group was changed, less than 24 years reduced and others increased. Although most of measles cases were in non - registered population, registered population ratio was increased. Of all the 638 cases aged 8 months - 14 years, the constit- uent ratio of non - vaccination history and vaccination history of measles containing vaccine after supplementary immunization of measles attenuated live vaccine were both higher than before that activity, and that of unknown immunization history de- clined. Conclusion Supplementary immunization activity of measles containing vaccine can decrease the incidence. The propor- tion of adult and registered population cases increased. Zero immunization existed in measles cases aged 8 months - 14 years. Routine immunization should be strengthened and make sure that immunization coverage rate of two doses of measles - con- taining vaccine reaches 95% in the next step. Meanwhile, to strengthen the vaccination of adult vaccine and to increase the im- munization coverage rate of susceptible adults to mealses.