环境污染治理、市场化与能源效率：理论与实证分析

Environmental Pollution Control,Marketization and Energy Efficiency: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

本文对环境污染治理、市场化影响能源效率的理论机制进行了解析,并基于Dynamic-SBM模型方法测算了1998-2012年全国30个省市的能源效率数据,初步检验了环境污染治理、市场化水平对能源效率的影响。同时,鉴于环境污染治理、市场化水平和能源效率存在的空间集聚性及空间差异性,采用空间计量模型对环境污染治理、市场化与能源效率的空间关联机制进行了实证研究。结果发现:环境污染治理投资规模的扩大,有利于能源效率的改善;而采用单一指标所测度的市场化水平则对能源效率有着显著的负向影响。表明环境污染治理可以形成倒逼机制推动企业自主创新,实现生产方式升级改造,从而改善能源效率。政府干预导致能源要素市场扭曲的存在及造成的能源价格低估,使得市场化对能源效率产生了负向影响。

This paper analyzes the relationships among environmental pollution control, marketization, and energy efficiency in China. We calculate the energy efficiency scores of the 30 provinces during 1990 to 2012 based on the Dynamic-SBM model, using estimation methods such as OLS, GLM, Panel GLM and Panel FE to estimate the effects of environmental pollution control and the level of marketization on over all energy efficiency. In view of the existence of possible space clustering and spatial differences among pollution control, marketization and energy efficiency, we consider the spatial effect and use spatial methods to adjust spatial correlations among neighboring provinces. It turns out that increasing investment on pollution control, energy efficiency will be improved, while a significant negative effect appears when we measure the level of marketization by a single index. To check robustness of this result, we further analyze the level of marketization measured by on a composite index and reach the same conclusion. Environmental Pollution Control can stimulate innovation within companies to upgrade production process, and then improve the energy efficiency. The existence of government intervention in energy market and caused undervalued energy prices, has leaded marketization to negatively affect energy efficiency overall.