公益创投政策扩散的制度逻辑与行动策略——基于我国地方政府政策文本的分析

The Institutional Logic and Strategies of Venture Capital Policy Diffusion: Based on the Analysis of Local Government Policy Texts

作为我国地方政府培育和发展社会组织的一项开创性改革举措,公益创投正在全国范围内"遍地开花"。本文在政策扩散理论的基础上,对国内74个地方政府出台的公益创投政策文本展开分析,探讨公益创投政策扩散的制度逻辑和行动策略。研究发现,地方政府公益创投政策扩散效应显著,整体来看处于S型曲线的第一阶段;在空间上政策扩散的邻近效应明显,先行地区政府对周边政府起到示范作用,周边地区受先行地区的影响进行政策制定,从内容上看兼具跟风模仿和学习借鉴双重特征。在政策扩散的路径上,区别于多数政策按照行政级别由高向低、自上而下的等级扩散路径,市级政府层面政策扩散的意愿更强,呈现出"中间崛起"的态势。在政策扩散的动机上,地方政府政策扩散不可避免地受到外部性的影响,强制和竞争之间的相互调节构成公益创投政策扩散的充分条件,政府资源与能力在越低层次的行政层面的作用越明显。相比之下,社会化所塑造的共同价值理念提供了更多的激励。

As a pioneer reform of China＇ s local government to cultivate and develop the non- profit organization, venture philanthropy is becoming widespread across the country. Based on the policy diffusion theory, the paper analyzed the texts of the 74 local governments＇ venture capital policy, and probed into the institutional logic and strategies of the policy diffusion. The study found that there is significant effect in the local government venture capital policy diffusion which is at the first stage of S curve from a whole. From the space perspective, the proximity effect of diffusion policy is significant. Leading regional government demonstrates an important role on the surrounding government, and surrounding areas affected by the first area of policy formulation, the policy contents have both imitation and learn characteristics. In the path of policy diffusion, unlike the majority of the policy in accordance with the administrative level according to the top-down hierarchical diffusion path, the willingness of policy diffusion in municipal government level is stronger, which shows a ＂middle rise＂ trend. In the motivation of policy diffusion, local government inevitably affected by external force, and mutual adjust between the compulsion and competition constitutes sufficient condition of venture philanthropy policy diffusion, while the common value concept that socialization shaped provides more incentive.