油瓜种仁油提取工艺及理化成分分析

Extraction process and analysis of physicochemical composition of kernel oil from Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Bl.) Cogn.

以油瓜种仁为原料,采用单因素实验研究不同提取剂、提取时间、提取温度、料液比对油瓜种仁油得率的影响,并进行正交实验。结果表明:最佳提取条件为正己烷作提取剂、提取时间190min、提取温度90℃、料液比1∶80,在此条件下,油瓜种仁油得率为60.02%。所提油瓜种仁油相对密度0.90±0.05,酸值(KOH)(11.21±0.13)mg/g;钾、锌、铁、锰、镁、钙、铜含量分别为940、11.5、22.1、0.262、124、504、0.286 mg/kg,磷、钠含量分别为0.189%、0.106%,铅含量为0.042 mg/kg,未检测出黄曲霉毒素B1。油瓜种仁油由9种脂肪酸组成,以亚油酸(45.96%)、棕榈酸(29.90%)、油酸(14.16%)和硬脂酸(8.48%)为主,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量与多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量的比为1∶3.3∶2.7,n-6 PUFAs含量与n-3 PUFAs含量的比为63∶1。

With Hodgsonia macrocarpa （ B1. ） Cogn. kernel as raw material, based on the single factor ex- periment, the effects of different extraction solvents, extraction time, extraction temperature and ratio of material to liquid on oil yield were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows： with n -hexane as extraction solvent, extraction time 190 min, extraction temperature 90 ℃, and ratio of material to liquid 1 ： 80. Under these conditions, the oil yield was 60. 02%. The relative density and acid value of the oil were 0.90 ± 0.05 and （ 11.21 ± 0.13 ） mgKOH/g respectively. The contents of K, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cu, P and Na were 940, 11.5, 22.1, 0. 262, 124,504, 0.286 mg/kg, 0. 189% and 0. 106% respectively. The Pb content was 0.042 mg/kg and aflatoxin Blwas not detected. Hodgsonia macrocarpa （B1.）Cogn. kernel oil contained nine kinds of fatty acids, and linoleic acid （45.96%）, palmitic acid（29.90% ）, oleic acid（ 14.16% ） and stearic acid （8.48%） were the main fatty acids. The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） to poly- unsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） to saturated fatty acid（SFA） was 1：3.3：2.7 and ratio of n- 6 PUFAs to n - 3PUFAs was 63：1 .