权威缺失:精准扶贫实践困境的一个社会学解释——基于我国中部地区花村的调查

Lack of Authority:A Sociological Explanation of Practical Difficulties in Targeted Poverty Alleviation——Based on Survey in Hua Village of China's Central Areas

结合对我国中部地区花村的田野调查,对精准扶贫实践过程进行研究发现,村治主体公共权威的缺失是导致精准扶贫基层实践困境的重要原因。税费改革后,基层政府悬浮,吸纳式治理将村治主体引入既无体制支持又与村民关系松散的尴尬境地,使其公共权威无法确立,同时村治主体还需承担政策变动的消极后果,及扶贫建档立卡制给村治主体所带来的"三角压力";驻村干部对村治主体权力的短暂替代及村民对该种权力的"工具性"认同、利用,致使村治主体公共权威在精准扶贫实践中进一步缺失,以致出现贫民争贫闹访、村民怨气横生,农村基层治理困境进一步凸现。提出在国家政权下沉的现代体制建设中,注重建立和维护村治主体的公共权威,实现国家和社会的有效衔接,是精准扶贫高效实践的有效方式,也是实现农村基层治理良好运作的有效途径。

Based on the field survey in Hua village of China's central areas,this paper studies the targeted poverty alleviation and finds that lack of public authority is the important cause leading to practical difficulties.After the reform of taxes and fees,absorbing governance pattern causes the village governance body in the embarrassed conditon with no system support and loosing relationship with the villagers,which is unable to establish the public authority.At the same time,the village governance body has to undertake the negative consequence of policy change and the'triangular pressure'brought by the document card system to the main body of the village.Besides,the short-term replacement of the village governance body by the dispatching cadres and the practically identity results in the thorough collapse,which leads to fighting for poverty,petition and villagers' rage.As a result,the rural grass-roots governance gets into the trouble.So this paper proposes that it is necessary to put more focus on the public authority of the rural grass-roots governance in modern system construction,which can realize the effective connection between the state and society.This is not only the best way of realizing targeted poverty alleviation,but also the effective path to achieving the rural grassroots governance in good operation.