基于贝克“无知”视域的转基因技术风险成因

Analyzing the Reason of Transgenic Technology Risk:By Ulrich Beck's Concept of “unawareness”

乌尔里希·贝克对"无知"的界定为探究转基因技术风险的成因提供了新的研究视域。他归纳了五种类型的"无知":对风险知识的有选择性的接受与传播、知识的不确定性、误解和错误、认识的无能、不愿认识。五种类型的"无知"具体可分为两类,一类是自上而下的政治实践的结果,一类则源于主体认知的局限。因此,在正视转基因技术风险的同时,要通过自下而上的"亚政治"以及跨越学科界限、民族国家界限的"跨界治理"来规避风险。

Ulrich Beck's concept of'unawareness'provides a new theoretical perspective to analyze the causes of the transgenic technology risk.He summed up the five types of'unawareness':accepting and disseminating the risk knowledge selectively,the uncertainty of knowledge,misunderstanding and error,inability to know,unwillingness to know.Five types of'unawareness'can be divided into two parts concretely.One is caused by top-down political practice,the other is caused by the limitations of cognition.Therefore,in order to avoid transgenic technology risk,effective measures must be taken,including'face it','sub-politics'and'trans-boundary governance'.