英国青少年体育政策的治理体系研究

Research on Governance System of Adolescent Sports Policy in Britain

为了进一步推进我国青少年体育治理体系和治理能力的现代化,需要对域外发达国家的青少年体育治理经验进行借鉴。运用文献资料法、内容分析法等研究方法,通过对英国青少年体育政策的治理结构及制度分析,研究发现:1)英国青少年体育政策的制定者多元化;2)运行机制体现为国家主导、地方及学校有限分权的治理模式;3)政策治理目标体现为促进儿童表现力、养成体育习惯以及形成强健的体格;4)政策治理工具形成了以法律和体育课程标准为主,激励工具与能力工具并行的态势。其对我国青少年体育治理体系和治理能力现代化的启示是:1)青少年体育政策的制定者需要在政策框架内充分与各个利益相关者经过协调、议价以及妥协,才能真正形成推动我国青少年体育发展的合理的政策工具;2)理顺运行机制,将青少年体育治理目标多元化有助于凝聚社会共识、增进体育认同、减少政策阻力、增强政策实效以及扩大我国青少年体育政策的边际效应;3)需要进一步构建协同化的青少年体育政策工具体系,以形成我国青少年体育政策权威工具法定化、激励工具多样化、能力工具标准化以及学习工具的指导化。

In order to further promote the modernization of China＇s adolescent sports governance system and governance capacities,it is necessary to learn the adolescent sports governance experience from developed countries.This paper analyzed the governance structure and system of the British adolescent sports policy by means of literature review and content analysis. The results show that： 1） Policy makers is diversified in the British adolescent sports policy; 2） Operating mechanism is embodied by the governance model of country leading limited combined with decentralization of local governments and schools; 3） The objectives of policy governance is to promote children＇s performance,cultivate habits of exercise and enhance physique; 4） Policy governance tools form a trend which is based on the law and the curriculum standard of physical education,and combined with incentive tools and tool of capabilities. It shows some enlightenment to our adolescent sports governance system and governance capacities. 1） Policy makers need to fully coordinate,bargain and compromise with the various stakeholders in the policy framework. Only in this way can really form a reasonable policy tool to promote China＇s adolescent sports development; 2） Rationalize the operation mechanism and make the diversification of adolescent sports governance objectives are helpful to aggregate social consensus,to enhance sports identification,to reduce resistance,to enhance effectiveness and to expand the marginal effect of our adolescent sports policy; 3） It is necessary to further build a collaborative adolescent sports policy tool system to form the legalization of authority tools,the diversification of incentive tools,the standardization of ability tools and the guidance of learning tools for the adolescent sports policy in China.