西藏自治区慢性非传染性疾病及其防控体系管理的实证研究

An empirical study on the management of chronic noncommunicable diseases and their prevention and control system in Tibet Autonomous Region

本文对西藏自治区慢性非传染性疾病的流行状况进行实证研究,包括死因状况和防控体系现状,探求深层次、结构性的影响因素,从而为高原地区慢性非传染性疾病防控体系管理提出建议与对策。1991~2012年,慢性非传染性疾病已成为西藏自治区居民的第一大死亡原因,且构成比不断上升。2004~2005年间,脑卒中的年龄标化死亡率为最高,其次是高血压性心脏病等。慢性非传染性疾病防控体系分为国家和西藏自治区两层,有指导工作的联系;影响因素有特殊的自然环境、居民健康素养水平较低、生活与行为方式不断变化、防控体系管理效率不高。建议加强危险因素监测,推广特色的健康教育,采取最佳干预措施,加强防控体系建设,包括顶层设计、基础建设和高效联动机制。

This article takes empirical study for the epidemic status of chronic non-communicable diseases in Tibet Autonomous Region, including death causes and current status of prevention and control system, and explores deepseated and structural influences factors, so as to provide suggestions and countermeasures for chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control system in plateau sections. In 1991-2012, the chronic non-communicable disease was the 1st major cause of death for residents in Tibet Autonomous Region, and the constituent ratio was increased continuously. In 2004-2005, age standardized mortality ratio of stroke was the highest, followed by hypertensive heart disease. Additionally, the chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control system is divided into national and Tibet Autonomous Regional levels, and both have working guidance relation. Moreover, the influences factors include special natural environment, low health literacy level of residents, continuous changes of living and behaviors, and low management efficiency of prevention and control system. In this paper, it is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of risk factors, promote characteristic health education, take the best intervention measures and strengthen construction of the prevention and control system, including top-level design, infrastructure and efficient linkage mechanism.