基于尾号空间分布的小汽车限行方案优化研究

Optimization of Travel Ban Scheme of Cars Based on the Spatial Distribution of the Last Digits in Their Number Plates

提出根据各尾号小汽车空间分布特征计算尾号出行OD矩阵的方法,基于公平性原则,构建尾号限行方案优化模型.上层模型以工作日(周一~周五)车辆总走行时间最小为目标,以各工作日每辆小汽车早高峰平均走行时间基本相同且每周各尾号限行次数不大于1为约束,给出限号方案;下层模型基于用户均衡原则分配OD交通量.限号方案与分配结果相互作用,达到均衡状态时可得最优限号组合方案.为验证模型,以D市为例进行实证研究,结果表明,与基于经验的限号方案相比,优化方案下路网通行效率可提高5.35%,工作日车辆总走行时间降低0.894×105h,日均单车走行时间减少4.5 min.

Based on the principle of fairness, a method is proposed to calculate OD matrix according to spatial distribution of the last digits of the number plates.Then an optimization model on of travel ban scheme of cars is established.The UM（Upper Model） aims to minimize the total travel time in weekday and ensure that the travel time per vehicle during the morning peak is similar in each weekday and each last digits of the number plates should not be banned more than once a week.The LM（Lower Model） assigns traffic flows according to UE（User Equilibrium）.The optimization scheme given by UM determines the OD matrix in LM while the traffic flows in LM affects travel time in UM.The travel ban scheme of cars with minimal total travel time can be found out by the interaction between the UM and LM.To verify the model,we set city D as a case, the results show that compared to travel ban scheme of cars based experience, the optimization scheme improves the traffic efficiency by 5.35%, decreases the total travel time of 5 weekdays（from Monday to Friday） by 0.894×10^5hours and decreases the average daily travel time by 4.5 minutes per vehicle.