饮水试验对正常年轻人眼压、眼轴及脉络膜厚度的短期影响

Water drinking test influences intraocular pressure, axial length and choroid thickness in normal young adults

目的研究饮水试验对正常年轻人眼压、眼轴及脉络膜的影响。设计队列研究。研究对象平均年龄27.75岁的正常年轻人28例。方法受试者禁食水2小时后,5分钟内饮水20 ml/Kg,在饮水后10、15、30、60分钟用Goldmann压平式眼压计测量眼压、A超测量眼轴、EDI-OCT测量脉络膜厚度。每例受试者分析一眼的测量数据。主要指标眼压、脉络膜厚度、眼轴、前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔深度。结果眼压在饮水前与饮水后10、15、30、60分钟分别为(14.51±2.60)mmHg、(17.59±2.44)mmHg、(17.19±2.78)mmHg、(15.46±2.45)mmHg(P<0.001)。与饮水前相比,饮水后30分钟前房变浅(P=0.04),60分钟眼轴缩短(P=0.02),玻璃体腔深度缩短(P=0.04)。脉络膜厚度饮水前(330.79±84.81)μm,饮水后10、15、30、60分钟分别为(340.00±91.97)、(336.57±92.93)、(334.86±85.63)、(338.43±96.86)μm(P=0.935)。结论饮水试验可引起正常人一定程度的眼压升高、眼轴变短、前房深度变浅、玻璃体腔深度变短,而对晶状体厚度和脉络膜厚度无明显影响。

Objective To explore intraocular pressure （IOP）, axis length and choroid thickness changes in healthy people after water drinking test. Design Cohort study. Participants Twenty eight young healthy volunteers with a mean age of 27.75 years. Methods Volunteers underwent water drinking test with drinking water 20 ml/kg in 5 minutes after 2 hours fasting. Measurements of choroidal thickness, IOP, and ocular biometry were taken before and after water drinking 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min. Enhanced Depth Imaging optical coherence tomography （EDI-OCT） was used to measure choroidal thickness at the fovea. IOP was measured by Gold- mann applanation tonometry. Ocular biometric measures were collected using A scan ultrasound. The data of one eye of each volunteer were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures IOP, chroid thickness, axial length, anterior chamber depth, vitreous thickness, lens thick- ness. Results After water drinking 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, the IOP was 14.51±2.60, 17.59±2.44, 17.19±2.78, 15.46±2.45 mmHg, respectively （P〈0.001）. After water drinking 30 min anterior chamber depth shallowed （P=0.04）, after water drinking 60 min axi- al length shortened （P=0.02） and vitreous length thickness shortened （P=0.04）. There was statistically significant difference. However, there was no significant difference in the mean choroidal thickness （P=0.935）. Before water dringking and after water drinking 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, the choroid thickness was 330.79±84.81, 340.00±91.97, 336.57±92.93, 334.86±85.63, 338.43±96.86 μm, re- spectively （P=0.935）. Conclusion There is a significant increase in IOP from water drinking test. The axial length become shorter, the anterior chamber depth become shallow and the vitreous thickness become shorter, and the lens thickness and the choroid thickness have no significant changes.