英国中小学国际理解教育发展历程、特点及启示

The Development,Characteristics and Enlightenment of Education for International Understanding in British Primary and Secondary Schools

二战结束后,受经济全球化的影响以及人们对维护世界和平的渴望,联合国教科文组织提出了国际理解的教育理念,各国在此基础上开始大力发展国际理解教育。相对于美国、日本等国家,英国在开展中小学的国际理解教育方面起步较晚,但是进入21世纪后发展迅速。自20世纪40年代以来,英国中小学国际理解教育经历了较为明显的三个发展阶段,完成了一个由分散到系统化、由以非官方开展为主到以政府组织指导开展为主的转变,并且在整个发展过程中逐步形成了专属于英国中小学国际理解教育的特色,包括:起步较晚发展曲折,推动发展的组织机构类型多样化,利用现代网络技术的力量推动其发展,主要通过课程渗透进行实施。英国为在中小学开展国际理解教育所做的努力和取得的成就无不值得中国去反思和借鉴。中国应取其精华,并结合国情制定适合我国中小学实施国际理解教育的相关措施,从而推动我国的国际理解教育,为培养可以融入全球化时代的世界公民奠定基础。

After World War Ⅱ, under the influence of economic globalization and people＇s desire for the maintenance of world peace, the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cuhural Organization pufforward the concept of international understanding,and then every countrybegan to develop education for international understanding on the basis of this. Compared with the United States,Japan and other countries,the United Kingdom＇s development of primary and secondary schools in the education for international understanding started late,but it developed rapidly after entering in twenty-first century. Since the 1940s, the development of education for international understanding in the UK primary and secondary schools has gone through three obvious stages,completed a transformation from scattered,launched unofficially to systematic,mainly guided by government,and formed exclusive education for international understanding development characteristics for the primary and secondary schools in the UK during the process gradually, which include late start and tortuous development, various organizations to promote the development, using modem network technology to promote its development,mainly through the implementation of curriculum peuctration. Britain＇ s efforts and achievements in international understanding education in primary and secondary schools are worthy of our reflection and reference. China should take its essence, and combine with the national conditions to create the appropriate measures for the implementation of international understanding education in primary and secondary schools, so as to promote the implementation of international understanding education in primary and secondary schools in China and lay the foundation for cultivating world citizens who can integrate into the era of globalization.