安徽省蚌埠市中学生健康素养与心理亚健康症状相关因素分析

Analysis on health literacy and psychological sub-health symptoms and their related factors among middle school students in Bengbu,Anhui

目的研究中学生健康素养与心理亚健康症状的相关因素,为针对性开展青少年心理健康教育提供参考。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取安徽省蚌埠市中学生3330名,使用中国青少年互动性健康素养评定问卷和青少年亚健康多维评定问卷进行调查。结果农村、乡镇、城市中学生健康素养得分分别为(184.46±23.38)、(188.10±24.00)、(192.09±23.98)分,差异有统计学意义(F=36.215,P<0.01);独生与非独生中学生健康素养得分分别为(191.48±25.24)、(186.37±23.25)分,差异有统计学意义(t=5.548,P<0.01);学习日住校与不住校的中学生健康素养得分分别为(185.75±23.25)、(190.33±24.53)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.454,P<0.01)。心理亚健康症状检出率的比较,初中生(64.1%)低于高中生(68.9%),学段间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.866,P=0.002);不同性别、户籍、是否独生和学习日是否住校中学生间差异均无统计学意义(χ~2值分别为1.672、1.231、0.485、3.557,P均>0.05)。有心理亚健康症状的中学生健康知识与理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能得分均低于无心理亚健康症状的中学生(P均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男生、高中生、乡镇学生、低健康生活方式与行为和低健康技能是中学生心理亚健康症状的危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论健康素养是中学生心理亚健康发生的影响因素。可从提高健康素养入手,对青少年开展心理健康教育。

Objective To analyze health literacy and psychological sub-health symptoms and their related factors among secondary school students, and provide reference for mental health education. Methods A total of 3330 middle school students in Bengbu of Anhui Province were chosenby convenience sampling method. Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire and Multi-dimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents were used for data collection. Results The health literacy scores were 184. 46 ± 23.38, 188. 10± 24. 00, 192. 09± 23.98 in the middle school students from countrysides, towns and citys, respectively, with statistically significant differences （F = 36. 215, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The health literacy scores were 191.48±25.24, 186. 37±23.25 in the only children and not only children, respectively, with statistically significant differences （t = 5. 548, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The health literacy scores were 185.75 ± 23.25, 190. 33± 24. 53 in learning day living in campus and not living in campus, respectively, with statistically significant differences （ t = - 5. 454, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The positive rate of psychological sub-health symptoms in junior high school students （64. 1% ） was lower than that of high school students （68.9%） , the difference was statistically significant （ X2 = 9. 866, P = 0. 002 ）. There were no significant differences in gender, residence, whether the only child and learning day whether livingin campus （X2 = 1. 672, 1. 231, 0. 485, 3. 557, P 〉0.05）. The students with psychological sub-heabh symptoms had higher scores of health knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior, health skills than those students without psychological sub- health symptoms （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that male, high school students, rural students, low health lifestyle and behavior and low health skills were the risk factors of psychological sub-health symptoms in middle school students （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Health literacy is the influence factors of psychological sub-health of mid- die school students. Improving the health literacy can improve the mental health of teenagers.